Hydro-battery hybrid system installed at Forshuvud, Sweden

Stability and availability have been trademarks of the Scandinavian electricity grid, brought about by the mix of hydropower, nuclear power and thermal power providing both flexibility and baseload capacity over the last decades. The Nordic countries are ambitious in shifting towards a modern energy system based on renewable sources to achieve a green transition and reduce CO2 emissions. Electrification of the transport and industry sectors, together with the development of wind and solar power, are believed to be key factors. These variable renewable energy (VRE) sources are typically highly weather dependent, non-dispatchable and characterized by low inertia, consequently adding stress to the grid.